seth@tkflow.com 
Yadda ake kirga kan famfo?
A cikin muhimmiyar rawar mu kamar yadda muke ƙwararrun masana'antun, muna sane da yawan masu canji waɗanda ke buƙatar la'akari da famfo na dama don takamaiman aikace-aikacen. Manufar wannan labarin farko ita ce ta bayyana nuna haske akan yawan alamun fasaha a cikin sararin samaniya na hydraulic, farawa daga sifa "shugaban".
Menene shugaban famfo?
Shugaban kai, sau da yawa ake magana a kai a matsayin jimlar kai ko kai mai tsauri (TDH), yana wakiltar jimlar makamashi da aka fitar da ruwa da famfo. Yana ƙididdige haɗuwa da makamashi makamashi da cizon kuzari wanda famfo yana ba da kai a matsayin matsakaicin ɗaga ruwa. Misali mafi ƙasƙantacce shine na bututun a tsaye yana tashi kai tsaye daga mashigar isarwa. Za a tsayar da ruwa a cikin bututu mai 5 mita daga kantin fidda gwani tare da shugaban mita 5. Shugaban famfo yana da alaƙa da ragin kwarara. A mafi girman yawan kwararar famfo, karamar shugaban. Fahimtar shugaban famfo yana da mahimmanci saboda yana taimaka wa injiniyan aikin, zaɓi famfo mai kyau don aikace-aikacen sufuri na ruwa.
Abubuwan da ke na kai
Don fahimtar lissafin kai, yana da mahimmanci don rushe abubuwan da ke ba da gudummawar da ke ba da gudummawa ga jimlar kai:
Kai tsaye kai (hs): A kai tsaye kai shine nesa tsakanin tsintsiyar famfo da maki sallama. Yana lissafin canjin makamashi saboda haɓakawa. Idan bayyanar fitarwa ya fi tsanin tsotsuwa, kai tsaye kai tabbatacce ne, kuma idan yana da ƙananan, a tsaye shugaban mara kyau ne.
GASKIYA KYAUTA (HV): Height shugaban shine makamashi mai amfani da kwayar cutar ta hanyar da yake motsawa cikin bututu. Ya dogara da gudu na ruwa kuma ana lissafta amfani da daidaituwa:
Hv=V^ 2 / 2g
A ina:
- Hv= Gudu kai (mita)
- V= Saurin gudu (m / s)
- g= Hanzarta saboda nauyi (9.81 m / s²)
Kai tsaye kai (hp): Shugaban matsin lamba yana wakiltar makamashin da aka kara shi da ruwa don shayar da asarar matsin lamba a cikin tsarin. Ana iya lissafta shi ta amfani da daidaitawar Bernoulli:
Hp=Pd-PS / ρg
A ina:
- Hp= Matsin lamba (mita)
- Pd= Matsin lamba a lokacin fitarwa (pa)
- Ps= Matsin lamba a wurin tsotsa (pa)
- ρ= Yawan adadin ruwa (kg / m³)
- g= Hanzarta saboda nauyi (9.81 m / s²)
Shugaban tashin hankali (HF): Wani gogewa asusun don asarar makamashi saboda tashin hankali da kuma abubuwan tashin hankali da kuma kayan aiki a cikin tsarin. Ana iya lissafta shi ta amfani da daidaitawar Darcy-Weisbach:
Hf=flq ^2/D^2g
A ina:
- Hf= Tashin hankali (mita)
- f= Darcy friction factor (girma)
- L= Tsawon bututu (mita)
- Q= Rarar tasa (m³ / s)
- D= Diamita na bututu (mita)
- g= Hanzarta saboda nauyi (9.81 m / s²)
Jimlar daidaituwa
Jimlar kai (H) Daga cikin tsarin famfo shine jimlar duk waɗannan abubuwan:
H=Hs+Hv+Hp+Hf
Fahimtar wannan daidaituwa yana ba da injiniyoyi don tsara ingantaccen tsarin tuki ta hanyar la'akari da abubuwan da ake buƙata, bambance-bambancen bututun da ake buƙata, da kuma bukatun matsi.
Aikace-aikace na lissafin kai
Zabin famfo: Injiniyoyi suna amfani da lissafin kai na famfo don zaɓar famfo da ya dace don takamaiman aikace-aikace. Ta hanyar tantance shugaban da ake buƙata, za su iya zaɓar famfo wanda zai iya biyan waɗannan buƙatun yadda ya kamata.
Tsarin tsarin: Mallaka kaiwar kai yana da mahimmanci a cikin tsarin sufuri na ruwa. Injiniya na iya girman bututu kuma zaɓi kayan aikin da suka dace don rage asarar tashin hankali da kuma taƙaita ingancin tsarin.
Ingancin ƙarfin kuzari: Fahimtar shugaban famfo yana taimakawa wajen inganta aikin famfo don ingancin makamashi. Ta hanyar rage girman kai ba lallai ba, injiniyoyi na iya rage yawan makamashi da farashin aiki.
Kiyayewa da matsala: Kulawa da famfon famfo a kan lokaci na iya taimakawa wajen gano canje-canje a aikin tsarin, wanda ke nuna bukatar kulawa ko matsaloli ko leaks.
Lissafi misali: tantance shugaban famfo
Don nuna manufar kan ƙididdigar kai, bari mu bincika yanayin da ya shafi famfo mai sauƙi wanda ya yi amfani da shi don ban ruwa. A cikin wannan yanayin, muna so mu tantance shugaban famfo da ake buƙata don ingantaccen rarraba ruwan da yake tafe da shi.
Da sigogi:
Bambanciukaka tasowa (Δh): Distance nesa daga matakin ruwa a cikin tafki zuwa mafi girman ma'ana a filin ban ruwa shine mita 20.
Jagorar Jagora na kai (HF): Asarar gargadi saboda bututun, kayan santsi, da sauran abubuwan haɗin a cikin tsarin adadin 5 mita.
GASKIYA KYAUTA (HV): Don kula da kwarara mai gudana, ana buƙatar wani yanki mai nauyi na mita 2.
Kai tsaye kai (hp): Fiauki ƙarin matsin lamba, kamar mu shawo kan mai sarrafa matsin lamba, shine mita 3.
Lissafin:
Jimlar famfo na kai (H) da ake buƙata za a iya ƙididdiged ta amfani da waɗannan daidaituwa:
Total Pompe Head (H) = Bambancin Inganta
H = 20 mita + 5 mita + 2 mita + 3 mita
H = mita 30
A cikin wannan misalin, jimlar farashin da ake buƙata don tsarin ban ruwa shine mita 30. Wannan yana nufin famfo dole ne ya sami damar samar da isasshen ƙarfin don ɗaga ruwa 20 mita a tsaye, yana shawo kan asarar fronial, da kuma samar da ƙarin matsin lamba.
Gwaji da ingantaccen lissafin jimlar ƙamshi yana da mahimmanci don zaɓin famfo wanda ya dace don cimma darajar kwarara da ya dace don cimma darajar kwarara da ake so a sakamakon daidai kai.
A ina zan iya samun hoton shugaban famfon?
Ana iya samun alamar kai a kai kuma ana iya samunsa a cikinzanen bayanaina duk samfuranmu. Don samun ƙarin bayani game da bayanan fasaha na farashinmu, tuntuɓi ƙungiyar fasaha da tallace-tallace.
Lokaci: Satumba 02-2024