Gabatarwa
A cikin babin da ya gabata an nuna cewa ana iya samun ainihin yanayin lissafi na ƙarfin da ruwa ke yi a lokacin hutu.Wannan shi ne saboda a cikin hydrostatic kawai rundunonin matsa lamba masu sauƙi suna shiga.Lokacin da aka yi la'akari da ruwa a cikin motsi, matsalar bincike a lokaci daya ya zama mafi wahala.Ba wai kawai ana iya la'akari da girman saurin barbashi da alkibla ba, amma akwai kuma hadadden tasirin danko da ke haifar da damuwa ko juzu'i tsakanin barbashi masu motsi da kuma kan iyakokin da ke dauke da su.Motsi na dangi wanda zai yiwu tsakanin abubuwa daban-daban na jikin ruwa yana haifar da matsa lamba da damuwa don bambanta da yawa daga wannan batu zuwa wani bisa ga yanayin kwarara.Sakamakon rikitattun abubuwan da ke tattare da lamarin kwarara, madaidaicin bincike na lissafi yana yiwuwa ne kawai a cikin 'yan kaɗan, kuma daga ra'ayi na injiniya, wasu abin da bai dace ba, al'amura. Saboda haka wajibi ne a warware matsalolin kwarara ko dai ta hanyar gwaji, ko ta hanyar yin gwaji. wasu zato masu sauƙaƙawa sun wadatar don samun maganin ka'idar.Hanyoyi biyun ba su keɓanta juna ba, tun da ainihin ka'idodin injiniyoyi koyaushe suna da inganci kuma suna ba da damar aiwatar da wasu hanyoyin ƙa'idar a cikin mahimman lamurra da yawa.Har ila yau, yana da mahimmanci a tabbatar da gwaji gwargwadon girman karkata daga yanayi na gaskiya sakamakon sauƙaƙan bincike.
Mafi yawan zato mai sauƙaƙawa na gama gari shine cewa ruwan yana da kyau ko cikakke, don haka yana kawar da rikitarwa mai rikitarwa.Wannan shi ne ginshiƙi na classical hydrodynamics, reshe na ilimin lissafi da ake amfani da shi wanda ya sami kulawa daga manyan malamai kamar Stokes, Rayleigh, Rankine, Kelvin da Lamb.Akwai manyan iyakoki na asali a cikin ka'idar gargajiya, amma da yake ruwa yana da ɗan ɗanko kaɗan, yana nuna matsayin ruwa na gaske a yanayi da yawa.Saboda wannan dalili, ana iya ɗaukar hydrodynamics na gargajiya a matsayin tushen mafi mahimmanci ga nazarin halayen motsin ruwa.Babin da ke yanzu yana da alaƙa da mahimman hanyoyin motsin ruwa kuma yana aiki azaman gabatarwa na asali ga surori masu nasara waɗanda ke magance ƙarin takamaiman matsalolin da aka ci karo da su a cikin injinan injiniyoyin farar hula.Mahimman ma'auni guda uku masu mahimmanci na motsin ruwa, wato, ci gaba, Bernoulli, da ma'auni na hanzari an samo su kuma an bayyana muhimmancin su.Daga baya, ana la'akari da iyakoki na ka'idar gargajiya da kuma halin da ainihin ruwa ya bayyana. An ɗauka wani ruwa mara nauyi a ko'ina.
Nau'in kwarara
Ana iya rarraba nau'ikan motsin ruwa iri-iri kamar haka:
1.Turbulent da laminar
2.Mai jujjuyawa da bangaranci
3. Tsayuwa da rashin kwanciyar hankali
4.Uniform da rashin uniform.
Ruwan Ruwa Mai Ruwa Mai Ruwa Mai Ruwa
MVS jerin axial-flow pumps AVS jerin gauraye-zuba famfo (Vertical Axial flow da Mixed flow submersible najasa famfo) su ne na zamani kayayyakin da aka samu nasarar tsara ta hanyar daukar kasashen waje fasahar zamani.Ƙarfin sabbin famfo ya fi na tsofaffin 20% girma.Ingancin yana da 3 ~ 5% sama da na da.
Rarraba da laminar kwarara.
Waɗannan sharuɗɗan suna bayyana yanayin zahiri na kwarara.
A cikin rikice-rikice masu gudana, ci gaban ƙwayoyin ruwa ba daidai ba ne kuma akwai alamar musanya na matsayi.Gudun aya ta yadda motsin ya kasance mai ja da baya da kuma muni fiye da rectilinear.Idan an yi allurar rini a wani wuri, zai yi saurin yaduwa a ko'ina cikin magudanar ruwa.A cikin yanayin tashin hankali a cikin bututu, alal misali, rikodin saurin gudu a wani sashe zai bayyana kusan rarraba kamar yadda aka nuna a hoto 1 (a).Tsayayyen saurin, kamar yadda za'a yi rikodin ta na'urorin aunawa na yau da kullun, ana nuna su a cikin ɗigogi, kuma a bayyane yake cewa ƙwanƙolin motsi yana da saurin jujjuyawar mara ƙarfi wanda ke kan madaidaicin madaidaicin ɗan lokaci.
Hoto 1 (a) Guguwar ruwa
Hoto 1 (b) Ruwan Laminar
A cikin kwararar laminar duk ɓangarorin ruwa suna tafiya tare da layi ɗaya kuma babu wani ɓangaren juzu'i na sauri.Ci gaban da aka yi a cikin tsari shi ne yadda kowace kwayar halitta ta bi daidai hanyar barbashin da ke gabace shi ba tare da wata karkata ba.Don haka filament na bakin ciki na rini zai kasance kamar haka ba tare da yaduwa ba.Akwai mafi girma transverse gudun gradient a cikin laminar kwarara (Fig.1b) fiye da a cikin m kwarara. Misali, ga bututu, da rabo na ma'ana gudun V da matsakaicin gudu V max ne 0,5 tare da m kwarara da 0. ,05 tare da kwararar laminar.
Ruwan Laminar yana da alaƙa da ƙananan saurin gudu da ɗigon ruwa mai ɗorewa.A cikin bututun bututu da na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa, matakan kusan koyaushe suna da ƙarfi don tabbatar da kwararar turɓaya, kodayake ƙaramin laminar na bakin ciki yana ci gaba da kusanci zuwa ƙaƙƙarfan iyaka.An fahimci ƙa'idodin kwararar laminar gabaɗaya, kuma don sauƙaƙe ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun saurin za'a iya yin nazari ta hanyar lissafi.Saboda yanayin bugun jini na yau da kullun, kwararar tashin hankali ya ƙetare tsauraran magani na lissafi, kuma don magance matsaloli masu amfani, ya zama dole a dogara da yawa ga alaƙa mai ƙarfi ko na ɗan lokaci.
Model No: XBC-VTP
XBC-VTP Series tsaye dogon shaft wuta fada farashinsa ne jerin mataki guda, multistage diffusers farashinsa, kerarre daidai da latest National Standard GB6245-2006.Mun kuma inganta ƙira tare da ma'anar ma'auni na Ƙungiyar Kare Wuta ta Amurka.Ana amfani da shi ne don samar da ruwan gobara a cikin petrochemical, gas na lantarki, tashar wutar lantarki, kayan aikin auduga, wharf, jirgin sama, ɗakunan ajiya, manyan gine-gine da sauran masana'antu.Hakanan yana iya amfani da jirgin ruwa, tankin ruwa, jirgin wuta da sauran lokutan samarwa.
Juyawa da jujjuyawa kwarara.
An ce magudanar yana jujjuyawa idan kowane barbashi na ruwa yana da saurin kusurwa game da nasa taro.
Hoto 2a yana nuna nau'in rarraba saurin gudu da ke da alaƙa da kwararar tashin hankali da ke wuce iyaka madaidaiciya.Saboda saurin rarrabawar da ba na Uniform ba, wani barbashi mai gaturansa guda biyu na asali yana fama da nakasu tare da ɗan ƙaramin juyi.
Ana nuna hanyar, tare da saurin kai tsaye daidai da radius.Gatari biyu na barbashi suna jujjuyawa a hanya guda domin ruwan ya sake juyawa.
Hoto.2(a) Juyawa Juyawa
Don kwararar ta zama mai jujjuyawa, rarraba saurin da ke kusa da madaidaiciyar iyaka dole ne ya zama iri ɗaya (Fig.2b).Game da kwararar hanyar madauwari, ana iya nuna cewa kwararar da ba za a iya jujjuyawa ba za ta shafi ne kawai muddin saurin ya yi daidai da radius.Daga kallon farko a Hoto na 3, wannan ya bayyana kuskure, amma bincike na kusa ya nuna cewa gatura biyu suna jujjuya su a wasu wurare dabam-dabam ta yadda za a sami sakamako mai ramawa wanda ke haifar da matsakaicin daidaitawar gatari wanda ba ya canzawa daga yanayin farko.
Hoto 2 (b) Gudun juzu'i
Saboda duk ruwaye suna da danko, ƙarancin ruwa na gaske ba zai taɓa jujjuyawa da gaske ba, kuma kwararar laminar ba shakka tana jujjuyawa sosai.Don haka kwararar juzu'i wani yanayi ne na hasashe wanda zai kasance da sha'awar ilimi kawai idan ba don gaskiyar cewa a yawancin lokuta na kwararar ruwa ba halayen jujjuyawar ba su da mahimmanci ta yadda za a iya yin watsi da su.Wannan ya dace saboda yana yiwuwa a nazartar kwararar ɓarna ta hanyar ma'anar ilimin lissafi na al'ada hydrodynamics da aka ambata a baya.
Ruwan Ruwan Ruwa na Centrifugal
Model No: ASN ASNV
Model ASN da ASNV famfo ne guda-mataki biyu tsotsa tsaga volute casing centrifugal famfo da kuma amfani da ko ruwa sufurin ruwa ga ayyukan ruwa, kwandishan wurare dabam dabam, gini, ban ruwa, magudanar famfo tashar, wutar lantarki tashar, masana'antu samar da ruwa tsarin, kashe gobara. tsarin, jirgin ruwa, gini da sauransu.
Tsayayye kuma mara tsayayye.
An ce magudanar ruwa ta tsaya tsayin daka lokacin da yanayi a kowane lokaci ya dawwama dangane da lokaci.Tafsirin fassarar wannan ma'anar zai kai ga ƙarshe cewa kwararar tashin hankali ba ta taɓa tsayawa da gaske ba.Duk da haka, don manufar yanzu yana da dacewa don la'akari da motsi na gaba ɗaya a matsayin ma'auni da sauye-sauyen da ba daidai ba da ke hade da tashin hankali a matsayin kawai tasiri na biyu.Misali a bayyane na tsayayyen kwarara shine magudanar ruwa akai-akai a cikin magudanar ruwa ko budadden tasha.
A matsayin abin da ya dace ya biyo baya cewa kwararar ba ta da tsayayye lokacin da yanayi ya bambanta dangane da lokaci.Misalin kwararar da ba a tsaya ba shine mabambantan magudanar ruwa a magudanar ruwa ko budadden tasha;wannan yawanci al'amari ne na wucin gadi wanda ke ci gaba zuwa, ko kuma ya biyo baya, tsayayyen fitarwa.Sauran sanannun
misalan yanayi na lokaci-lokaci shine motsin igiyar ruwa da kuma motsi na cyclic na manyan jikunan ruwa a cikin kwararar ruwa.
Yawancin matsaloli masu amfani a cikin injiniyoyin injin ruwa sun damu da tsayayyen kwarara.Wannan abin sa'a ne, tunda canjin lokaci a cikin kwararar rashin daidaituwa yana dagula bincike sosai.Sabili da haka, a cikin wannan babi, za a iyakance la'akari da kwararar ruwa ba tare da tsayawa ba ga wasu lokuta masu sauƙi.Yana da mahimmanci a tuna, duk da haka, cewa za a iya rage yawan al'amuran gama gari na kwararar da ba a daɗe ba zuwa daidaitaccen yanayi ta hanyar ƙa'idar motsin dangi.
Don haka, matsalar da ta shafi jirgin ruwa da ke tafiya a cikin ruwa mai tsayayye na iya sake fasalin yadda jirgin ya tsaya kuma ruwan yana motsi;Ma'auni ɗaya tilo don kamanceceniya da halayen ruwa wanda saurin dangi zai kasance iri ɗaya.Bugu da ƙari, motsin motsi a cikin ruwa mai zurfi na iya ragewa zuwa ga
tsayayye ta hanyar ɗauka cewa mai kallo yana tafiya tare da raƙuman ruwa a cikin irin wannan gudu.
Injin Diesel Vertical Turbine multistage centrifugal inline shaft water Drainage Pump Wannan nau'in famfo na magudanar ruwa na tsaye ana amfani dashi don yin famfo babu lalata, zafin jiki ƙasa da 60 ° C, daskararru da aka dakatar (ba tare da fiber ba, grits) ƙasa da 150 mg/L abun ciki na najasa ko ruwan sharar gida.VTP nau'in famfo magudanar ruwa a tsaye yana cikin famfunan ruwa na VTP na tsaye, kuma a kan haɓaka da abin wuya, saita bututun mai mai ruwa ne.Za a iya shan taba zafin jiki ƙasa da 60 ° C, aika don ƙunshe da wani ƙaƙƙarfan hatsi (kamar ƙura da yashi mai kyau, gawayi, da sauransu) na najasa ko ruwan sharar gida.
Uniform da rashin uniform kwarara.
An ce magudanar ta kasance iri ɗaya ne lokacin da babu wani bambanci a cikin girma da alkiblar motsin motsi daga wannan batu zuwa wancan tare da hanyar kwarara.Don bin wannan ma'anar, duka yankin magudanar ruwa da saurin gudu dole ne su kasance iri ɗaya a kowane yanki.Gudun da ba na Uniform ba yana faruwa ne lokacin da motsin motsi ya bambanta da wurin, misali na yau da kullun yana gudana tsakanin iyakoki masu haɗuwa ko karkatar da su.
Dukkanin waɗannan madadin yanayin kwarara sun zama ruwan dare a cikin buɗaɗɗen tashoshi na ruwa, kodayake ana magana sosai, tunda ana fuskantar kwararar uniform koyaushe cikin asymptotically, yanayi ne mai kyau wanda kusan kusan kuma ba a taɓa samu ba.Ya kamata a lura cewa yanayin yana da alaƙa da sararin samaniya maimakon lokaci don haka a lokuta da ke kewaye da kwarara (misali bututun da ke ƙarƙashin matsin lamba), sun kasance masu zaman kansu da daidaito ko yanayin kwararar.
Lokacin aikawa: Maris 29-2024