seth@tkflow.com 
Bayanin Janar
Ruwan ruwa, kamar yadda sunan ya nuna, an nuna shi ta hanyar iyawarsa don gudana. "Ya bambanta daga matsanancin damuwa saboda tsananin damuwa na iya zama. Kadai kawai shine isasshen lokacin ya kamata ya kamata elapsase don nakasar don faruwa. A wannan yanayin ruwa mara kyau ne.
Ana iya raba ruwa cikin taya da gas. Wani ruwa kawai dan kadan mai ban sha'awa ne kuma akwai free surface lokacin da aka sanya shi a cikin bude tukunyar. A gefe guda, gas koyaushe yana faɗaɗa don cika akwati. A tururi mai gas ne wanda yake kusa da jihar ruwa.
Ruwan da injiniyan galibi injiniya ne mafi yawan ruwa shine ruwa. Yana iya ƙunsar har zuwa kashi uku na iska a cikin mafita wanda a matsanancin matsin lamba na sub-AtMospheric ya zama ya fito. Dole ne a yi tanadi don wannan lokacin da yake tsara famfo, bawuloli, bututun ruwa, da sauransu.
Jirgin saman Diesel Maderterticy turbine Multifine Motsifugal Scheage famfo da aka yi amfani da shi a 60 c, fiber, an dakatar da fiber, an dakatar da fiber, da ruwa) ƙasa da ruwa ko ɓoyewa. VTP Typet Stump na ruwa yana cikin matattarar ruwa na ruwa mai tsayi, kuma a kan karuwa da abin wuya, saita lubrication mai na bututu. Zai iya shan taba zafin jiki a ƙasa 60 ° C, aika don ɗaukar wani hatsi mai laushi (kamar yashi mai kyau, ruwa, da sauransu) na ɗakunan ruwa.
Babban mallakar kayan jiki na ruwa da aka bayyana kamar haka:
Yawa (ρ)
Yawancin ruwa mai yawa shine taro ta naúrar. A cikin tsarin SI an bayyana shi azaman kg / m3.
Ruwa yana da iyakar adadin 1000 kg / m3A 4 ° C. Akwai karamin raguwa a cikin yawa tare da ƙara yawan zafin jiki amma don amfani da dalilai da yawa da yawaitar ruwa shine 1000 kg / m3.
Dandalin dangi shine rabo daga cikin adadin ruwa mai ruwa zuwa ga ruwa.
Takamaiman taro (w)
Takamaiman taro na ruwa shine taro ta kowane bangare na gaba.I da tsarin Si, an bayyana shi a N / M3. A halin yanzu yanayin zafi, w shine 9810 n / m3ko 9,81 kn / m3(kamar 10 kn / m3 don sauƙaƙa lissafi).
Takamaiman nauyi (sg)
Takamaiman rauni na ruwa shine rabo daga taro na da aka bayar zuwa ga taro na daya girma. Saboda haka shi ma rabo ne na ruwa mai yawa ga yawan tsarkakakken ruwa, galibi duk a 15 ° C.
Model No: TWP
Propportungiyoyin Diesel Manyan Mataki na Nagermaukar Jama'a da gaske na gaggawa don gaggawa suna haɗin gwiwa da Drakos na ƙasar Singapore da Reeoflo na Jamus. Wannan jerin famfo na iya jigilar kowane nau'in tsabta, tsaka tsaki da matsakaiciyar matsakaici dauke da barbashi. Warware yawancin al'adar famfo na musamman. Irin wannan nau'in famfo na farko na yanki na musamman zai zama farawa ta atomatik kuma zai sake farawa ba tare da ruwa don farawa ba, shugabansu na iya zama fiye da 9 m; Madalla da tsarin hydraulic da tsari na musamman suna kiyaye babban inganci fiye da 75%. Da kuma tsarin shigarwa daban-daban na tilas ne.
Modul modulus (k)
ko dalilai masu amfani, ana iya ɗaukar ruwa mai ruwa a matsayin incompressable. Koyaya, akwai wasu maganganu, kamar su rashin tsaro suna gudana cikin bututu, inda yakamata a la'akari da madadin. Modk modulus na elasticity, K, an ba shi by:
Inda p shine karuwa cikin matsin lamba wanda, lokacin amfani da ƙara v, yana haifar da ragi a cikin girma av. Tun da rage girma dole ne a danganta shi da karuwar karuwa cikin yawa, daidaituwa 1 na iya bayyana shi azaman:
ko ruwa, k shine kusan 2 150 MPa na MPa a yanayin zafi da matsi. Yana biye da cewa ruwa kusan sau 100 ya fi sauƙin ƙarfe.
Kyakkyawan ruwa
Kyakkyawan ruwa mai kyau ko cikakken ruwa wanda babu wani tashin hankali ko kuma kai tsaye tsakanin barbashi. Sojojin koyaushe suna yin aiki koyaushe a ɓangare kuma suna iyakance ga matsin lamba da sojojin. Babu ainihin ruwa cikakke tare da wannan ra'ayi, kuma ga kowane ruwa ruwa a cikin motsi Akwai hanyoyin da ke ƙasa wanda ke da tasirin tashin hankali akan motsi. Koyaya, wasu taya, gami da ruwa, suna kusa da ruwa mai kyau, kuma wannan sauƙin zato yana ba da lissafin lissafi ko zane-zane da za a iya ɗauka a cikin maganin wasu matsalolin kwarara.
Model No: XBC-VTP
XBC-VTP Serididdigar tsayin daka tsayin daka mai fada yana faɗin farashinsa, farashin diflusers mai yawa, masana'antu daidai da sabuwar ƙa'idodin ƙasa GB6245-2006. Mun kuma inganta ƙirar tare da batun daidaitaccen ƙungiyar ƙungiyar Amurka ta Amurka. Ana amfani da shi musamman don samar da ruwa na wuta a cikin mai petrochemical, gas, shuka mai ƙarfi, Warfosing, gini mai tasowa da sauran masana'antu. Hakanan yana iya amfani da jirgin ruwa, tanki tanki, jirgin ruwan wuta da sauran lokutan samar da wadata.
Danko
Hadin wani ruwa shine gwargwado a cikin juriya ga tengery ko karfi. Ya taso daga ma'amala da haɗin shayewar ruwa. Dukkanin ruwa na ainihi suna da danko, kodayake ga digiri daban-daban. Jin daɗin damuwa a cikin m ya dace da iri a cikin ruwa mai zurfi a cikin ruwa yana da ƙarfi a cikin zafin da ke cikin ruwa wanda yake hutawa.
Fig.1.visiscus nakasa
Ka yi la'akari da ruwa a tsare tsakanin faranti guda biyu waɗanda suke a cikin gajeren nesa y banda (Fig. 1). Farantin na ƙasa yana tsaye yayin da babban farantin yana motsawa a cikin gudu v. Ana ɗaukar motsi mai motsi mara kyau ko laminae, kyauta don zamewa ɗaya daga cikin ɗayan. Babu giciye-kwarara ko tashin hankali. A kusa da farantin mai tsawan farantin yana cikin hutawa alhalin farantin farantin yana da ƙarfi ko ƙarfin iska shine DV / DY. Dynamanci mai tsauri ko, fiye da kawai, mai danko μ an ba shi
Don haka:
Wannan magana game da damuwa ta viscous ta fara zuwa Newton kuma ana kiranta daidai da Newton na danko. Kusan dukkanin ruwaye suna da madaidaitan daidaito kuma ana kiran su azaman ruwayen Newtian.
Siffa. Dangantaka tsakanin tiyata da ƙimar kararrawa.
Hoto na 2 wakilci mai hoto ne na daidaitawa 3 kuma yana nuna halaye daban-daban na daskararru da taya a ƙarƙashin tashe damuwa.
An bayyana danko a cikin sanyaya (pa.s ko ns / m2).
A cikin matsaloli da yawa game da motsi na ruwa, mai nuna haske yana bayyana tare da yawa a cikin tsari μ / p (mai zaman kanta da karfi) kuma ya dace don ɗaukar hoto guda ɗaya v, wanda ya fi sani da ciwon kerematic.
Darajar ν don mai yawa mai na iya zama babba kamar 900 x 10-6m2/ s, alhali don ruwa, wanda yake da ƙarancin danko, 1 ne kawai 1,14 x 10? m2 / s a 15 ° C. A zazzabi a ɗakin.
Tsarin tashin hankali da capillarity
SAURARA:
Coheeion shine jan hankali wanda makamancin kwayoyin suna da juna.
Motsa hankali ne wanda kwayoyin halitta suke da juna.
Irin tashin hankali shine dukiyar ta zahiri wacce ke ba da digo na ruwa da za a gudanar a cikin bututun dan kadan sama da kuma allura don iyo a saman ruwa. Duk waɗannan abubuwan mamaki ne saboda haɗin kai tsakanin kwayoyin a farfajiyar ruwa wanda ke yin wani ruwa mai narkewa ko gas. Kamar dai fuskar ta ƙunshi membrane na ruhu na roba, wanda aka jaddada kullun, wanda yake da kwangila a koyaushe don tsara yankin ƙasa. Ta haka ne muka gano cewa kumfa na gas a cikin ruwa da droplets na danshi a cikin yanayin zama kamar sperical a siffar.
Forcearfin da ke tattare da duk wani layin hangen nesa a farfajiya kyauta shine gwargwado ga tsawon layin kuma yana aiki a cikin hanyar da ta shuɗe. An bayyana tashin hankali a kowane ɓangare naúrar a cikin mn / m. Girman girmansa quite quite kaɗan, kasancewa kusan 73 mn / m don ruwa a cikin iska a dakin da yake a dakin. Akwai karamin raguwa a cikin dubun dubuniA kan kara zazzabi.
A mafi yawan aikace-aikace a cikin hydrusics, tashin hankali na ƙasa ba shi da mahimmanci tunda yawancin sojojin da suka danganta su gabaɗaya gabaɗaya tare da ɗimbin kayan wuta. A tashin hankali na farfajiya yana matukar mahimmanci inda akwai free free kuma iyakar iyakar karami ne. Don haka a yanayin hydraulic samfurin, tasirin tashin hankali, waɗanda ba su da sakamako a cikin samfurin, kuma wannan asalin kuskure a cikin siminti dole ne a la'akari lokacin fassara sakamakon.
An yi magana da tasirin tashin hankali a cikin yanayin shambo na ƙarami ya buɗe wa yanayi. Wadannan na iya ɗaukar nau'in bututun manoma a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje ko buɗe ido a cikin ƙasa. Misali, lokacin da karamin bututun gilashi an tsoma shi cikin ruwa, za'a gano ruwan ya tashi a cikin bututun, kamar yadda aka nuna a hoto na 3.
Ruwa na ruwa a cikin bututu, ko meniscus kamar yadda ake kira shi, yana da alaƙa da sama. An san sabon abu a matsayin capillarity, da kuma gilashin yana nuna cewa haɗin gwiwar cikin ruwa ya ƙasa da macen da ke tsakanin ruwa da gilashi. Matsin lamba na ruwa a cikin bututu kusa da free surface yana ƙasa da ATMOSPHERIRIC.
Hoto 3. Capillaryity
Mercury yana nuna bambanci, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin Hoto na 3 (B) .Soce sojojin sadarwar da suka fi girma kuma meniscus yana da girma da kuma meniscus yana da ban tsoro. Matsin lamba kusa da free surface ya fi ATMOSPHERHERIC.
Ana iya magance tasirin capillarity a cikin mohometers da gilashin geges ta hanyar yin amfani da shambura waɗanda ba su da 10 mm diamita 10 mm.
Model No: ASN ASNV
Model ASN da ASNV farashin suna da sau biyu raba kayan aikin ruwa, ginin ruwa na ruwa, tsarin jigilar kayayyaki, jirgin ruwa, gini da sauransu.
Vapor matsa lamba
Cutar ruwa waɗanda ke da isasshen makamashi mai ruwa na ciyawar ruwa ana tunanin su daga babban ruwan ruwa a saman free surface kuma suna wucewa cikin tururi. An san matsin lamba ta wannan tururin tururi a matsayin matsi na tururi, p ,. Karuwa a cikin zafin jiki yana da alaƙa da matsanancin damuwa mafi girma kuma don haka karuwa cikin matsin lamba. Lokacin da tururin tururi yayi daidai da matsin mai a saman shi, ruwa tafasa. A matsa lamba ta ruwa a 15 ° C shine 1,72 kpe (1,72 kn / m2).
Matsi na atmoshheri
Ana auna yanayin yanayin a saman ƙasa ta hanyar barometer. A matakin teku na atmospheric matsa lamba 101 KPA kuma an daidaita shi a wannan darajar. Akwai raguwa a matsa lamba na atmospheri mai tsawo; An rage shi da karfe 1 500m zuwa 88 KPA. Ruwa na ruwa daidai yake da tsawo na 10,3 m a matakin teku, kuma ana kiranta a matsayin barometer ruwa. Tsayin yana da hyistetical, tunda matsakaicin matsin ruwa na ruwa zai hana cikakken masarufi da aka samu. Mercury shine mafi girman ruwa mai ban dariya, tunda yana da matsakaicin tururi mai sakaci. Hakanan, babban rauni sakamakon sakamako a cikin shafi na Heigh--Abut 0,75 m a matakin teku.
Yayinda yawancin matsin matsin matsin lamba suka fuskanta a cikin hydrusic sun wuce matsi na atmospheric kuma an auna su ta hanyar kayan aiki waɗanda ke rikodin matsin lamba a matsayin Datum, watau sifili. Ana kiran matsin lamba a matsayin ma'aunin matsin lamba lokacin da ta sama ta atmospheric da matsa lamba yayin da ke ƙasa da shi. Idan an dauki matsin lambar sifili a matsayin Datum, an ce matsi da matsi ya zama cikakke. A cikin sura ta 5 inda aka tattauna a NPS, duk adadi an bayyana a cikin cikakken ruwa barbashi, matakin farko = 0 Bar cikakke = 10,3 m ruwa.
Lokacin Post: Mar-20-2024